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Impact between ecological compensation and herders’ income level, income diversity, and satisfaction: survey evidence from pastoral Inner Mongolia, China
One-line summary
Introduction Exploring the impacts between ecological compensation and herders’ income level, income diversity, and satisfaction yields valuable insights for refining ecological compensation policy and reconciling ecological conservation with livelihood sustainability.
Engineering notes
An analysis of income structure reveals that ecological compensation funds are significantly positively associated with livestock income, transfer income, and business income, but significantly negatively associated with crop farming income and wage income.
Chinese explanation / 中文解读
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Original abstract
Introduction Exploring the impacts between ecological compensation and herders’ income level, income diversity, and satisfaction yields valuable insights for refining ecological compensation policy and reconciling ecological conservation with livelihood sustainability. Methods Drawing on survey data from 1,042 herders in rural pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia, China, this study empirically examines how ecological compensation relates to herders’ income level, income diversity, and satisfaction. The analysis employs ordinary least squares regression, quantile regression, ordered logit regression, and mediation analysis to explore these relationships. Results The results indicate that: (1) Ecological compensation has a significant positive association on income level, particularly for herders with medium to high incomes. An analysis of income structure reveals that ecological compensation funds are significantly positively associated with livestock income, transfer income, and business income, but significantly negatively associated with crop farming income and wage income. (2) Ecological compensation has a significant positive association with herders’ income diversity. (3) Ecological compensation has a significant positive association on herders’ satisfaction. (4) Income level plays a significant mediating role in the association of ecological compensation on herders’ satisfaction. (5) Heterogeneity analysis indicates that ecological compensation has a significant positive association with herders’ satisfaction in purely pastoral areas, but their association on herders’ satisfaction in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas is not significant. Discussion Based on the findings, ecological compensation mechanisms should be optimized to balance income growth with livelihood diversity, while incorporating regional resource heterogeneity into policy design to enhance herder satisfaction and sustainable livelihoods.
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