Evaluating decentralized social policy performance: a structural equation modelling of 508 municipalities in Indonesia

Engineering notes

Key topics: autonomous driving. See the paper for implementation details and experimental results.

Chinese explanation / 中文解读

中文解读待补充：本站会优先为端到端自动驾驶、BEV感知、3D目标检测、轨迹预测、路径规划、LiDAR感知等高价值论文补充中文说明。

Original abstract

This study investigates the complex interplay between structural factors, budgetary allocations, social service delivery, social cohesion, and social development outcomes across Indonesia’s 508 regencies and cities, drawing on comprehensive 2023 data. Employing a quantitative inferential design and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the research rigorously tests how demographic and geographic structures influence budgetary responses and social services provisioning, and how these, in turn, impact multidimensional indicators of social development. Central to the analysis is the integration of mediating variables such as social cohesion and intermediary factors offering a nuanced examination of causal pathways. The findings indicate statistically supported positive structural relationships between structural aspects and budgets and services, as well as between budget allocation and service delivery. The analysis also highlights the important mediating role of social cohesion and intermediary variables in relation to development outcomes. This research advances public policy evaluation theory by providing a context-sensitive, empirically validated framework that informs equitable, evidence-based policymaking in Indonesia and developing countries. Given that the study relies on cross-sectional administrative data from a single year, the findings should be interpreted as structural associations and predictive relationships rather than definitive causal effects. The estimated pathways therefore reflect linked patterns among fiscal, service, social, and developmental dimensions within decentralized local governance settings.

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