Biologic Rationale for Emerging Therapies in Endocrine Cancers

Engineering notes

Key topics: autonomous driving. See the paper for implementation details and experimental results.

Chinese explanation / 中文解读

中文解读待补充：本站会优先为端到端自动驾驶、BEV感知、3D目标检测、轨迹预测、路径规划、LiDAR感知等高价值论文补充中文说明。

Original abstract

Endocrine malignancies comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by complex interactions between hormonal signaling, oncogenic molecular pathways, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Advances in molecular oncology have substantially improved our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance in these cancers. Aberrant activation of signaling pathways, particularly the MAPK and PI3K–AKT–mTOR cascades, together with dysregulated hormone receptor signaling, plays a pivotal role in endocrine tumor development and progression. Furthermore, increasing evidence highlights the contribution of the TME—including immune cells, stromal components, extracellular matrix remodeling, and angiogenesis—to tumor evolution and treatment response. These biological insights have facilitated the development of targeted therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, selective molecular inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, radionuclide therapies, and immunotherapeutic strategies. Despite these advances, therapeutic resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and limited predictive biomarkers remain major clinical challenges. This chapter reviews the molecular mechanisms driving endocrine cancers, the interplay between hormone signaling and the tumor microenvironment, and the translational implications of these discoveries for precision medicine and future therapeutic development.

Links and sources

• PDF from original source

Comments